Science & Technology
 

August 2009

Gene researchers are uneasy
First, there was Galileo, in trouble for reporting scientific observations which seemed to conflict with "truths" accepted by most of his contemporary religious, and secular, thinkers. Then there were such people as Darwin and Freud, the latter pretty much disavowed these days.

Now come the gene researchers whose findings make them so uncomfortable that they hedge their scientific announcements with all sorts of sociological and philosophical diversions. Their fear: some of their research suggests not everyone is equal.  In one paper, the statement, "We know that we are not inherently equal. We see innate differences among our friends, family, and colleagues every day" is swamped with pages of caution that the new genetic information might be co-opted and "Groups will be discriminated against based on their genetic sequences, easily obtained from a cheek swab or blood sample."

In a long piece published in the Summer 2009 issue of Wilson Quarterly, biochemist Matthew Stremlau describes the benefit genetic research is already offering re tracking everything from sickle cell anemia to Alzheimer's disease, from cystic fibrosis to Huntington's disease, within groups. And he touches on how genes makes individuals different about such matters as fear of heights or the taste for foods. And he sees the research offering "a sort of GPS to trace all humans back to a set of common ancestors, most likely in eastern Africa." And he reports research which enables scientists "to determine with surprising accuracy the geographic origin of people in Europe" and to understand why African Americans and Caucasians respond differently to beta-blockers, as a class of drugs used to treat heart disease and hypertension."

Stremlau revealed the scientists' uneasiness with research about "the biological basis for intelligence," though, because of the difficulty in presenting the data "so that the results won't be misinterpreted." He commented that his Chinese colleagues saw no difficulty in conducting such research because "living in a relatively homogenous society, they saw little problem with that."

April 2009

§ "At the risk of offending some people, we may discreetly recall that the blond white-skinned Scandinavians have contributed little to Western civilization . . . "

That, in a chapter addressing the controversy over whether IQ, overall intelligence, is racially or ethnically determined. In his The End of Racism, Dinesh D'Souza asserts: The earliest human civilizations emerged not in the coldest climate but in the moderate climates of North Africa and the Mediterranean. "Sumerian, Babylonian, Egyptian, and Greek civilization [were developed] where Asians, Africans, and Europeans met and exchanged goods and ideas." D'Souza  himself has been labeled a racist, primarily because his book identifies studies of all sorts which purport to prove the contention that, as a group, Asians are smarter than Whites and Whites are smarter than Blacks. He puzzles over the fact that "China and the Islamic world were once great civilizations; their gene pool has remained relatively constant, but their cultural fortunes have changed dramatically."

Technology is Good
Decades ago, many of us observing and commenting on the developing nations, called "Third World" at the time, predicted that they would benefit from technological leapfrogging. Those countries would not have to work through technological evolution; they could simply begin to use the most recent technology. How wonderfully valid those predictions have proved. Cell phones, television, laptops, small-scale, onsite solar devices are everywhere -- even in the midst of still prevalent atrocious physical and political conditions.

Too many of those appalling conditions are caused by tribal mindsets, with village chiefs opposing, for example, area-wide water distribution because such improvements might diminish the local leader's image of being the source of all benefits. But anyone who still contends that technology is inherently evil cannot be taken seriously.

Nuclear power generation welcome
Sweden, Finland, Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia are going nuclear. Sweden, especially, is reversing its decades-long anti-nuke posture. The cause: climate change targets, energy security, a wobbly economy. France has long been nuke-friendly. Now, if only the United States can rid itself of those anti-coal, anti-oil, anti-oil sands carbon-hating environmentalists who refuse to consider nuke as one of the solutions, along with costlier wind farms and solar arrays.

February 2009

Identifying mankind's races
Nearby are several paragraphs which point out that scientific "truth" ain't necessarily so. Consider:

The 1928 edition of Compton's Pictured Encyclopedia contains an article demonstrating that "the shape of the skull is an important factor in distinguishing races," as are "the facial angle, the color of the skin, the form and color of the hair, the shape of the facial features, the stature and proportions of the bones, etc."

Five races based on color are identified: Black, Brown, Red, Yellow, and White. Pictured are a sub-Saharan African, a face which can be seen as Mediterranean or Southern Asian, an American Indian, a Chinaman, and -- Benjamin Franklin. Admitting that there was/is controversy about some of those racial characterizations, Compton concludes that a combination of "geographical distribution and color of the skin" is the most useful and derives five main groups:

"(1) the Caucasian, European, or white race; (2) the Ethiopian, African, or black race; (3) the Mongolian, Asiatic, or yellow race; (4) the American (Amerind) or red race; (5) the Malay and Polynesian or brown race. The piece goes on to speak of "Nordic or Teutonic" stock as representing the "greatest purity," going on to describe the group-similarity of Slavs and Mediterraneans. 

Touching gingerly on how the white race came to dominate so much of the world, the encyclopedia asks, "How long will the white man continue to be master of the world?" and suggests that the mutual white race slaughter of World War I "intensified the feeling throughout Asia and Africa that the day of white supremacy was nearing its close."

Was that where Hitler got his Master Race idea?

January 2009

True or False?
"In science, truth once discovered always remains the truth." Or, "Physics is not a body of indisputable Truth; it is a body of well-supported probable opinions only, and its ideas may be exploded at any time."

With supporting footnotes, I included the likes of Einstein and Millikan in a series of popular science articles for a Methodist-published high school  publication during the late 1950s.

I also quoted Job 38:4: "Where was thou when I laid the foundations of the earth? Declare, if thou hast understanding."

In the decades since, the sciences have many times corrected their "truths." Even the fundamentals of inorganic chemistry have been extensively revised.

All by way of saying, be slow to accept as gospel any scientific "fact" which is seriously challenged by other scientists. To repeat a thought I have previously expressed in VersagiVoice, no one challenges the fact that nitric acid will, every time, dissolve brass chips. But about such theories as those about the beginning of the universe or climate change . . .

Technology: Good or Bad?
Defenders of science and technology like to point out that just because improvements can be used for evil purposes does not justify attempts to restrict research or product development. "Nuclear bombs in the possession of St. Francis of Assisi would not be a threat," is one of their mantras.

In that context, consider the woman in Omaha who eavesdropped on her husband by planting an electronic bug in her kid's Teddy bear. And: DNA sample from a blood-bloated mosquito found in a stolen-then-abandoned car matched that of a man on the police register in Seinaejoki, Finland. Brought in, the man says he was hitchhiking and left the car with the man driving it.

2008

European Union continues stem cell research, with restrictions
The European Union will continue financing human stem cell research under new rules that prevent human cloning and destroying embryos. The new rules are "a concession to the mostly Roman Catholic countries in the European Unions, according to one report. -- 16 Aug 06

The global warming hockey stick is broken
Environmentally aware readers are familiar with the controversial "hockey stick" graph which supposedly proves that global warming is a real threat. That graph has several times been challenged [See] and now comes a further challenge from three independent statisticians who contend that the methodology (read: statistical manipulation) used to generate the hockey stick "would produce hockey sticks from even random, trend-less data."

The controversy is more than academically important: Major economic decisions could be made based on dubious research embedded in the hockey stick," suggests the Wall Street Journal. -- Aug 2006

Global Warming, reasonably considered
Although authoritatively disputed, there are indications of global warming. Not nearly as clear is the contention that human activity is causing the apparent warming. Only two or three decades ago, Time and Newsweek were leading the scare campaign about a coming ice age. At the time, no respectable source had the arrogance to suggest either that human activity had caused the predicted ice age or that humans could do anything to reverse it.

Geneticist and science historian C. D. Darlington, describing the geological era termed Pleistocene, has written of: " . . . a succession of ice ages, five major spells broken by four warmer ages and themselves varying by small oscillations." Macro climate changes have occurred naturally for eons, including the one theorized to have resulted in the extinction of dinosaurs. I wonder what the dinosaurs did to cause the ice age which killed them all.

Reports out of Canada suggest its chauvinistically vaunted medical care system is disintegrating -- so badly that the government is ignoring illegal private medical practice and for-profit clinics. It is not unusual to have to wait three years for a hip replacement. Canadian experience demonstrates the difference between health insurance and health care. Keep that in mind the next time you are told that umpteen million Americans don't have health care, when health insurance is what they're talking about. After all, every Canadian has free health insurance; it's just medical care which is hard to come by. -- April 2006

Radon is not a cancer risk
For almost 40 years, I monitored and reported about the alleged risk of lung cancer from exposure to radon in normal life. I am reminded of that by the recent announcement of Radon Awareness Month or some such.

While editor of an internationally circulated business newspaper serving the heating-ventilating-air-conditioning industry, I several times asked my worldwide readers -- who included architects, engineers, contractors, universities, medical facilities, manufacturers, chemical companies, distributors, libraries -- to report any clinical evidence they might encounter of non-occupational lung cancer caused by radon. None was ever reported.

In later decades, serving mechanical contractors directly, part of my responsibility was to encourage them to enter any market in which indoor air quality (IAQ) would benefit from their skills. Those same practitioners regularly deal with residential/commercial/industrial IAQ problems related to such pollutants as  asbestos, ozone, volatile solvents, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide. During those years, I invited academic and medical researchers to address the contractors. Time after time, the speakers engaged in what I call "statistical speculation," extrapolating  from a few questionable assumptions to reach unsupportable conclusions. Each time, I publicly asked the speaker to cite clinical data for non-occupational lung cancer caused by radon. There were none.

Lung cancer is a serious occupational hazard for workers in uranium mines, where radon concentration is high and exposure is both intensive and extensive. But at the levels found in typical home basements or in warehouses or offices, if it is found at all, radon is not a cancer risk, despite the alerts and warnings from such as the American Lung Association and from producers of not-always-reliable radon-testing kits.

Has the situation changed?
Google "radon and clinical" 
The first item is from the Ontario Ministry of Labour dealing with the risk of lung cancers of smokers who work in uranium mines. There are several references to studies and research, and you'll encounter phrases like "[Radon risks] associated with" and "to estimate the overall effect of residential radon" and "It will take several years [for studies to prove something]" and "Scientists estimate" that lung cancer would be cut if more attention is paid to radon. 

Scientists are also arguing over the methodology of a recent study which -- apparently using sloppy protocols -- reached cause-and-effect conclusions about the relationships between and among smoking and [estimated] radon exposure and lifestyles in several European countries.

Through it all, no clinical case studies of non-occupational lung cancer caused by radon.

Don't buy those radon testing kits. -- Jan 2006

The computer systems used to control modern cars are very vulnerable to attack, say experts.
An investigation by security researchers found the systems to be "fragile" and easily subverted. The researchers showed how to kill a car engine remotely, turn off the brakes so the car would not stop and make instruments give false readings. Despite their success, the team said it would be hard for malicious attackers to reproduce their work.

The team of researchers, led by Professor Stefan Savage from the University of California-San Diego, and Tadayoshi Kohno from the University of Washington set out to see what resilience cars had to an attack on their control systems. "Our findings suggest that, unfortunately, the answer is 'little,'" wrote the researchers from the Center for Automotive Embedded Systems Security.

The researchers concentrated their attacks on the electronic control units (ECUs)scattered throughout modern vehicles which oversee the workings of many car components. It is thought that modern vehicles have about 100 megabytes of binary code spread across up to 70 ECUs. This represents an opportunity to head off a problem before it starts, in the not-too-distant future it may represent a real risk to life.

Individual control units typically oversee one sub-system but ECUs communicate so that many different systems can be controlled as the situation demands. For instance, in a crash seat belts may be pre-tensioned, doors unlocked and air bags deployed.

The attackers created software called CarShark to monitor communications between the ECUs and insert fake packets of data to carry out attacks. --BBC

 

The world is coming to an end -- again; a series

1st: Outline of Pessimism


Can car computers be hacked?

Environmental concerns

World is coming to an end -- again.

Was this where Hitler got his Master Race concept?

The Last Word re Global Warming?